Compare & contrast ”Pretty in Pink” & ”Clueless”

The two videos we watched were †Clueless† and †Pretty in Pink†. The main characters in both films were girls but from very different backgrounds. Cher was the main character in †Clueless†, she was from a wealthy background, Andie on the other hand was from a poor family and was the main character in †Pretty in Pink†. The two films were made almost a decade apart; †Clueless† in 1995 and Pretty in Pink in 1986. In both films there were many differences. They are filmed in America obviously speaking in American accents e.g. tomatoes, vitamins, their currency in Dollars, where as we use pounds. The cars drive on the opposite side of the road as we do. There were many differences from Britain i.e. the fire hydrants along the streets, the students don't have to wear uniforms for school. The students also attend debate class which is not a lesson n our timetable. The fashions and cultural differences are comparable between the two films. Andie, the character from the poor background has earrings in one ear and no earrings in the other ear. Boys and girls wore their hair long, the girls had permed hair. Their clothes were dull, drab and skirts were long. Andie made her own clothes where as Cher had expensive outfits which were colourful & bright, their hair was even dyed bright colours. Cher in †Clueless† has a wealthy father who is a lawyer and earns $500 per hour; they live in a huge expensive house with a maid. Andies father in †Pretty in Pink† works part time, they have very little money and their house is small & shabby. The camera shots in the two films are very different. The camera shots at the beginning of †Clueless† shows Cher, the main character, on her way to school, it shows an overhead shot of her in her car. Cher picks up her friend Dion; the camera introduces the new character with an overhead shot. When they arrive at schools the camera shot is of them walking towards the school chatting. Murray, Dion's boyfriend, arrives and the shot is a close up with music playing, the music suggests that Murray is popular. Murray & Dion start to argue with each other so it goes to a tracking shot of Cher walking up the path towards the school. During the debate class, when Cher is speaking, a tracking shot films down the class, it takes no one taking any notice of her or the lesson. The introduction of †Pretty in Pink† shows tracking shot moving up Andies leg, as it moves up it suggests Andies style and personality. It shows Andie making her toast, compared to Cher in †Clueless† who has a maid to make her breakfast. During the classroom shot it shows the two girls who bully Andie; the shot suggests that they dislike Andie because she is poorer than they are. Duckie is Andies friend, it shows a tracking shot of him walking up the corridor, and this shows he is a popular person. †Clueless† has lots of sounds and music which introduce us to different characters and scenes. At the beginning Cher is doing a voice over as the film starts and a song called †Kids in America† is playing, which tells us what the film is going to be about. Before Cher picks up Dion, there is a voice over with music playing in the background. As she arrives at Dion's house the music stops when the dialogue between them both starts. When Murray arrives in the scene there is dialogue between them both, the music is played to show Murray's popularity in the school. When Cher leaves them she is doing a voiceover about boys. When she is speaking in the debate class, quiet patriotic music starts to play. †Pretty in pink† starts with silence as the title is on the screen, this was the first film which did this. The music starts when we see Andie. As the dialogue begins the music starts to fade. The scene which shows Andie at school the music is playing loud. The music changes when Duckie arrives and as the students enter the classroom, the music fades and the dialogue starts. I enjoyed both films but I preferred †Clueless†. The colours in this film were much brighter than the colours in †Pretty in Pink†. I thought that †Pretty in Pink† wasn't as good because the film was a bit dull and this made the film look less exciting. The reason why the shots in each film look different is because the camera technology is very different because the films were made just under a decade apart. With the camera shots being different it makes the film look a lot better and the camera angles looking a lot more advanced.

Free Essays on Ben Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin. Benjamin's mother was Abiah Folger, the second wife of Josiah. In all, Josiah would father 17 children. Josiah intended for Benjamin to enter into the clergy. However, Josiah could only afford to send his son to school for one year and clergymen needed years of schooling. But, as young Benjamin loved to read he had him apprenticed to his brother James, who was a printer. After helping James compose pamphlets and set type that was grueling work, 12-year-old Benjamin would sell their products in the streets. After his teenage years, Franklin ran away from home and arrived in Philadelphia where he would gain his fame for inventions and discoveries. Franklin is also known as one of the founding fathers of our country, The United States of America. He signed the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and was our first Foreign Ambassador when visited King Louis XVI. Fr anklin also helped the government of France sign a Treaty of Alliance with the Americans in 1778. Franklin also helped secure loans and persuade the French they were doing the right thing. Franklin was on hand to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783, after the Americans had won the Revolution. Franklin died on April 17 1790 at the age of 84. Over twenty thousand people attended his funeral services (â€Å"Quick†, 1995). When it comes to electricity, Ben Franklin is the first thing that pops up in most people’s head. Ben didn’t invent electricity but he was able to do many things that were really incredible. His first and most famous experiment with electricity was him flying a kite in a thunderstorm. â€Å"He wanted to prove that lightning is electricity† (Usel, 1996). So Ben and his son William had decided to try an electrical experiment during a thunderstorm. They both walked to the top of a hill and let the kite go up. They wanted to get electricity to h... Free Essays on Ben Franklin Free Essays on Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin. Benjamin's mother was Abiah Folger, the second wife of Josiah. In all, Josiah would father 17 children. Josiah intended for Benjamin to enter into the clergy. However, Josiah could only afford to send his son to school for one year and clergymen needed years of schooling. But, as young Benjamin loved to read he had him apprenticed to his brother James, who was a printer. After helping James compose pamphlets and set type that was grueling work, 12-year-old Benjamin would sell their products in the streets. After his teenage years, Franklin ran away from home and arrived in Philadelphia where he would gain his fame for inventions and discoveries. Franklin is also known as one of the founding fathers of our country, The United States of America. He signed the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and was our first Foreign Ambassador when visited King Louis XVI. Fr anklin also helped the government of France sign a Treaty of Alliance with the Americans in 1778. Franklin also helped secure loans and persuade the French they were doing the right thing. Franklin was on hand to sign the Treaty of Paris in 1783, after the Americans had won the Revolution. Franklin died on April 17 1790 at the age of 84. Over twenty thousand people attended his funeral services (â€Å"Quick†, 1995). When it comes to electricity, Ben Franklin is the first thing that pops up in most people’s head. Ben didn’t invent electricity but he was able to do many things that were really incredible. His first and most famous experiment with electricity was him flying a kite in a thunderstorm. â€Å"He wanted to prove that lightning is electricity† (Usel, 1996). So Ben and his son William had decided to try an electrical experiment during a thunderstorm. They both walked to the top of a hill and let the kite go up. They wanted to get electricity to h...

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Example

Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Example Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay Mental Health And Community Care Social Work Essay In this study I will discourse Mental wellness and community attention, I will look at the historical context of community attention taking into consideration policies and that stemmed it and viing ideological positions that that has impacted on it. I will further look at its benefits and deficits since its execution taking into histories the impact of the 1990 NHS Community Care Act and current reforms. Finally I will discourse the procedure of poorness and societal exclusion which affects some of these people who have been discharged place as a consequence. History of Community Care and Aims Dobson ( 1998 ) stated that Care in the community represented the major political alteration in mental health care in the history of the National Health Service ( NHS ) It was the consequence both of societal alterations and political expedience and a motion off from the isolation of the mentally sick in old Victorian refuges towards their integrating into the community ( Goffman 1961 ) . The purpose was to normalize the mentally sick and to take the stigma of a status that is said to afflict one in four of the British population at some clip in their lives. The chief push towards community attention as we know it today came in the 1950s and 1960s, an epoch which saw a sea alteration in attitude towards the intervention of the mentally ailment and a rise in the patients rights motion, tied to civil rights runs. The 1959 Mental Health Act abolished the differentiation between psychiatric and other infirmaries and encouraged the development of community attention. Harmonizing to Goffman, ( 1961 ) historically, people who were designated as holding a mental unwellness lived in confined institutional environments for old ages and had limited outlooks for returning to the community. Community attention is used to depict the assorted services available to assist persons pull off their physical and mental wellness jobs in the community which is the British policy for deinstitutionalisation. Duane ( 2003 ) defined deinstitutionalisation as procedure of replacing long-stay psychiatric infirmaries with less stray community mental wellness services for those diagnosed with mental upset or developmental disablement. These services include, for illustration, nursing or societal work support, place aid, twenty-four hours Centres, reding and supported adjustment. The Department of Health expresses the demand to advance the development of a personal wellness program of persons, based on who they are, what they want and what their fortunes are. Harmonizing to DoH, Health is linked to the manner people live their lives and the chances available to take wellness in the communities where they live . There have been major betterments in wellness and life anticipation over the last century and on the most basic steps, people are populating longer than of all time before ( DoH study, 2005 ) . Rogers A and Pilgrim D ( 2001 ) stated that the ideological committedness to community attention was associated with obscure thought of accomplishing an ideal society, prior to it being effected as a practical world. Similarly Titmuss in the sixtiess suggested that the impression of community attention invented a sense of heat and human kindness, basically personal and soothing Titmuss ( 1968 ) . This early positive position emphasised the thought of go forthing the disenabling environment of the establishment behind and showing in the enabling possibilities of ordinary life. Harmonizing to Bulmer ( 1989 ) , the first usage of community attention was in the portion of mental wellness, as understanding developed of the negative effects of commiting mental patients in infirmaries, and to dispatch the ex-patients and mental disability infirmaries, and to dispatch the ex-patients into the community, where they would populate in hostel-type adjustment or in their ain places and be cared for by a mixture of professional and personal carers, peculiarly in twenty-four hours Centres and by nursing staff on the one manus and by members of their ain households on the other. Community attention in the yesteryear has ever been a assorted economic system, financed by both the province and by user charges and provided by voluntary sector organisation, commercial, for-profit organisation, the province and the household. Alan Walker ( 1982, 1989 ) and Roy Parker ( 1990 ) have specifically addressed the job of specifying community attention and have pointed out that it has been really easy for one individual s community attention to be another s institutional attention. Community attention has been a mixture of policies. To the wellness service any proviso outside the NHS peers community attention, hence establishment run by local governments constitute community attention. The assorted economic system of community attention during the 1960s left wing faculty members, notably Peter Townsend ( 1962 ) , made traveling petition for the deinstitutionalization of aged and mentally sick people, whereas Titmuss ( 1968 ) has already sounded a note of cautiousness when he referred to the manner in which the term community attention conjured up a sense of heat and human kindness. All this assumed the chief supplier of community attention to be the province. In some ways, the thought of community attention in mental wellness ran counter to the dominate tendency within the NHS after 1948, which until late, was centralised and hospital-dominated. Bulmer ( 1989 ) likewise emphasised that in recent old ages community attention has wide intending including the end of supplying comprehensive outreach, twenty-four hours and residential services and support for ordinary installations within the vicinity. In chief at least community attention now extends to societal inclusion and the publicity of buttocks to installations used by other people populating in the community and the right and duty of engagement in local community acitivties. Harmonizing to Pilgrim ( 2001 ) when the Labour authorities came to power in 1997, it announced the demand for rapid reform of mental wellness services based on the feeling or grounds that attention in the community has failed. In 1998, the Health Secretary, Frank Dobson, stated that dispatching people from establishments has brought benefits to some. But it has left many vulnerable patients to seek and get by on their ain. Others have been left to go a danger to themselves and a nuisance to others. A little but important minority have become a danger to the populace every bit good as themselves. Mind, along with many others, differ with the statement that community attention had failed. These were based on concerns about control of hazardous behavior which led to the radiuss enquiry following the violent death of a societal worker ( Isablel Shwartz ) in 1984 by patient Sharon Campbell in Bexley Hospital. These were some of the restrictions of attention discovered and led to recommendation about post-discharge instance direction DHSS ( 1998 ) . The study likewise noted the deficiency of any demand on the portion of services to place vulnerable patients or supply individualised attention programs, and for bureaus with duties for mental wellness to work together. The enquiry into the attention of Christopher Clunis was besides another ground why the community attention needed a reform. Rogers and Pilgrim ( 2001 ) explained that enquiry examined the mode in which services failed to react adequately to Christopher Clunis, a immature black adult male With a diagnosing of paranoid schizophrenic disorder who stabbed a alien ( Jonathan Zito ) at Finsbury Park belowground station. This highlighted a figure of jobs why the Labour authorities called for the reform of the community attention policy because of the unequal support for in the community with terrible mental wellness jobs. In 1999 The Government published theA National Service Framework [ NSF ] for mental wellness modern criterions and service theoretical accounts for England. The NSF spelled out national criterions for mental wellness services, what they aimed to accomplish, how they should be developed and delivered, and how public presentation would be measured in every portion of the state. ( DoH Community attention is the support by informal and formal carers of the aged, the handicapped and the mentally broken groups in the community who are normally in their ain places instead than in establishments. Harmonizing to Bulmer ( 1989 ) the thoughts with which community attention came approximately is due to the mixture of sociological propositions about the nature of modern community life, including personal ties between comparative, friends, and neighbors. The Griffiths Report: Community Care: Agenda for Action Margaret Thatcher invited Sir Roy Griffiths to bring forth a study on the jobs of the NHS. This study was influenced by the political orientation of managerialism. That is it was influenced by the thought that jobs could be solved by management . Harmonizing to the study, Griffiths steadfastly believed that many of the jobs confronting the Welfare State were caused by the deficiency of strong effectual leading and direction. Because of this old work, which was greatly admired by the Prime Minister, Griffiths was asked to analyze the whole system of community attention. In 1988 he produced a study or a Green Paper called Community Care: Agenda for Action , besides known as The Griffiths Report. Griffiths intended this program to screen out the muss in no-man s land . That is the gray country between wellness and societal services. This country included the long term or go oning attention of dependent groups such as older people, disabled and the mentally sick. Basically he was stating that community attention was non working because no 1 wanted to accept the duty for community attention. Community Care: Agenda for Action made six cardinal recommendations for action: Minister of State for Community Care to guarantee execution of the policy it required ministerial authorization. Local Governments should hold cardinal function in community attention. i.e. Social Work / Services departments instead than Health have duty for long term and go oning attention. Health Boards to hold duty for primary and acute attention. Specific grant from cardinal authorities to fund development of community attention. Specified what Social Service Departments should make: measure attention demands of vicinity, set up mechanisms to measure attention demands of persons, on footing of demands design flexible bundles of attention to run into these demands Promote the usage of the Independent sector: this was to be achieved by societal work sections join forcesing with and doing maximal usage of the voluntary and private sector of public assistance. Social Services should be responsible for enrollment and review of all residential places whether run by private administrations or the local authorization. The bulk of long term attention was already being provided by Social Services, but Griffiths thought was to set community nursing staff under the control of local authorization instead than Health Boards. This neer really happened. The Griffiths Report on Community Care seemed to endorse local authorities whereas, the wellness board reforms in the same period, really strengthened cardinal authorities control. rewor Harmonizing to the Mind, In 1989 the authorities published its response to the Griffiths Report in the White Paper Caring for People. It set out a model for alterations to community attention, which included a new support construction for societal attention. This would tag the beginning of the purchaser/provider split whereby societal services sections were encouraged to buy services provided by the independent sector. The study promoted the development of domiciliary, twenty-four hours attention and reprieve services to enable people to populate every bit independently as possible in their ain places. Other aims included quality enterprises around appraisal of demand and instance direction. Carers demands were addressed by prioritizing practical support enterprises for them. The following decennary saw a dramatic addition in the figure of voluntary and private sector service suppliers. The impact of the community attention reforms The community attention reforms outlined in the 1990 Act have been in operation since April 1993 Glennester, ( 1996 ) .They have been evaluated but no clear decisions have been reached. A figure of writers have been extremely critical of the reforms. Hadley and Clough ( 1996 ) claim the reforms have created attention in pandemonium ( Hadley and Clough 1996 ) They claim the reforms have been inefficient, unresponsive, offering no pick or equity. Other writers nevertheless, are non rather so pessimistic. Meanss and Smith ( 1998 ) claim that the reforms: introduced a system that is no better than the old more bureaucratic systems of resource allotment were an first-class thought, but received small understanding or committedness from societal services as the lead bureau in community attention the enthusiasm of local governments was undermined by vested professional involvements, or the service bequest of the last 40 old ages wellness services and societal services workers have non worked good together and at that place have been few multidisciplinary appraisals carried out in world small coaction took topographic point except at senior direction degree the reforms have been undermined by chronic underfunding by cardinal authorities the voluntary sector was the chief donee of this effort to develop a assorted economic system of attention The Care Programme Approach ( CPA ) Harmonizing to Rogers and Pilgrim ( 2001 ) there was a light with the debut of the Care Programme Approach in 2001. It introduced an effort to better and standardize the bringing of community attention services. The CPA set out a pattern model for wellness governments in England, giving counsel on how they should carry through their responsibilities as laid out in the National Health Service ( NHS ) and Community Care Act 1990. The programme contained four key elements viz. , Agreement for measuring the wellness and societal demands of receivers of specialist mental wellness services, The regular usage of attention program that identified which supplier was responsible for different facets of a individual s attention Key worker who would supervise and organize attention for the person Regular reappraisal and if appropriate alterations to the attention program. Through the debut of the CPA, patients identified at hazard have been required to be kept on supervising registry ( DH, 1995 ) . The thought was that all patients in contact with services would be capable to CPA but that some require greater examination and service input. Pilgrim et al stated that the Labour authorities inherited this method in 1997 and continued to back it as the pillar of good quality community-based direction for people with mental wellness upset, despite the construct of community attention being debatable by wellness curates and controversial instances such as that of Christopher Clunis. Social inclusion Social exclusion occurs when, A marginalised by society, people are non ableA play a full andA equal portion in their community.A Many people who experience mental hurt experience stigma and favoritism, and live in poorness. They may happen it difficult to happen equal lodging or entree employment. The net consequence is that people can go earnestly stray and excluded from societal and on the job life. Following the publication of the Social Exclusion Unit s ( SEU ) study into mental wellness and societal exclusion, the National Institute for Mental Health in England ( NIMHE ) have been charged with implementing the 27 action points listed in the SEU study. NIMHE are working on a figure of policy countries including employment, instruction, societal webs, lodging and homelessness, direct payments, income and benefits. ( DoH 1998 )

Brazil and India business environment comparison Essay Example for Free

Brazil and India business environment comparison Essay The United States and Brazil entered into a common agreement targeting to improve democracy in the Western Hemisphere and to bring an accelerated growth in regional trade and development so that the governments of the region can ensure its citizens better scope for greater prosperity. (Common Goals and Challenges in Brazil-US’s Agenda) The prospects for conducting business in Brazil are tremendous in view of its 150 million possible consumers, a hugely diversified economy and a gross domestic product worth of US7 billion. However, till the nation attains improved market and economic reforms, majority of the opportunities for US companies are prone to hover around particular sectors and projects. (Jennings, 14) The closed markets and heavy government interventions marked the economic development of Brazil during the last thirty years. During the 1960s and 1970s, such policies of import substitution and huge levels of international debt generated accelerated growth and industrialization however, giving rise to long term problems like long term economic difficulties, inclusive of high inflation, foreign debt difficulties and non-competitive industries. During the year 1990 the Government of Brazil initiated remarkable market liberalization measures including reduction of trade and investment barriers, declining import duties over 100% to a high of 35% inclusive of an average of 14%. Market liberalization also incorporated several tax and regulatory variations that have been of advantage to the foreign investors. The reduction of taxes on profit remittances and simplification of procedures and withdrawal of some of the disincentives to reinvest the profits have provided increasing scope for business activities in Brazil. As a result, the trend of the reaction of US companies was seen to be remarkable. (Jennings, 14) US companies exported goods of worth $6 billion enabling Brazil to be among the top 20 export markets of the world. The United States tends to maintain the position of being the single country supplier to Brazil constituting about one-third of the total of the Brazilian imports. The telecommunication and informatics market of Brazil extends fabulous prospective for US business, for the equipment manufacturers as well as for the service providers. The Telecommunication sector provides a market worth of $3 billion in Brazil. The US companies have presently extended limited involvement in the telecommunication sector and are exploiting the benefits of extending private networks as well as equipments. The energy sector in Brazil also entails good prospects for US technology as well as equipment. The current agreements and subsequent legislations at higher government levels and the private sectors assures for future prospects. The US equipment manufacturers are encouraged to actually take benefit of the opportunities that already prevail and are prone to expand with regard to the internal demand that promotes the expansion of this sector. (Jennings, 15) The Indian markets along with its over one billion population, provides profitable as well as diverse opportunities for US exporters with the right kind of products, services as well as commitment. Such opportunities are accelerated with the depreciation of dollar in the recent years in relation to its competitive currencies. The infrastructure, high-tech, energy, health care, environmental, transportation as well as defense sector are prone to surpass the tens of billions of dollars mark in the mid-term as the Indian economy tend to globalize as well as emerge stronger. In the year 2005, the total bilateral trade was $26. 77 billion. The US exports to India in 2005 was enhanced to $7. 96 billion, which was a 30. 3 percent growth in comparison to the previous year. (India – Market of the month) The potentiality of India for US companies is promising since India is the second largest small car market of the world; India is one among the three countries that manufactures its own supercomputers; India is the one among the six nations that is able to launch its own satellites and; India is having the second biggest group of software developers immediately after the US. The Indo-US relation is presently growing through a remarkable transition. The two nations which were having a gap between them in political and economic terms during the latter part of the 20th century, presently consider their national goals converging on several areas. (India – Market of the month) Indian tariffs have been decreased considerably since the early part of the 1990s. Irrespective of the fact that the tariff and poor infrastructure entails remarkable challenges for foreign investment and development, the infrastructure needs in India also entail trade and investment facilities for US companies. The best prospects for US firms and US exports on the basis of estimated Indian imports from the US has been earmarked to be â€Å"Airport & Ground Handling, Computer and Peripherals, Education Services, Electrical Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution Equipment, Food Processing & Cold Storage Equipment, Oil & Gas Field Machinery, Pollution Control Equipment, Safety and security equipment, Telecommunication equipment, Textile Machinery, water etc†. (India – Market of the month) Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State for United States and Celso Amorim, Brazilian Foreign Minister in their meeting on 26th April, 2005 in Brazil had a discussion in relation to the common agenda of the two nations as well as that of the unique challenges which were confronting the entire hemisphere. (Common Goals and Challenges in Brazil-US’s Agenda) Brazil as well as Argentina poses certain particular business challenges to be confronted by the US firms. For example, legal provisions with regard to importing technology materials require payment of duties, tariffs and a value added tax — VAT which is as much as 22 percent of the total cost in Brazil. The business is even more complex in Brazil due to the variation of importation laws from one province to another. The fluctuating currency exchange rates as well as local economic issues pose grave challenges for conducting business. (Business Spotlight: Arrow South America) Franklin L. Lavin, Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, New Delhi on May 1st, 2006 remarked that the Indo-US relationship have improved on many fields and have great prospects in the sphere of trade. However, US face remarkable challenges as well. Irrespective of the fact that India has exhibited good trade statistics and the progress in the sphere of economic reforms and are opening markets during the last one and half decade there still need to be improvement in several spheres in order to reflect India’s important part in the world economy. The economic philosophies of Fabian socialism as well as third world nationalism are holding India hostage for many years. As a result of this it has been pointed out that even with 30 percent growth in US exports to India during the last year, India could constitute only 1 percent of all exports of US. The economic reforms in India is in relation to world reforms as a result of this the momentum of India is not impressive in the context of the competition for global attention. (Remarks by Franklin L. Lavin Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, New Delhi) The annual US exports of $8 billion dollar is what the US ships to Canada within two weeks. In terms of the US foreign direct investment in India the cumulative figure is only $6. 2 billion at the end of 2004, US being the largest investor while the US FDI in Singapore remains amounts to be $56. 9 billion. Irrespective of the fact that tariff for non-agricultural products have significantly reduced, it still remains at 40% in case of agricultural products. The vibrant IPR regime is considered critical to the enhancement of a creative, technologically advanced economy. Irrespective of the fact that India has opened up a silver of its retail sector to foreign investment, presently, the sector is still considered to be closed to most of the American retailers. US companies required to obviate the aggressive competition exerted by the companies from Europe, Canada, Korea and Japan by knowing how to adapt their products as well as facilitate their activities in order to take advantage of the huge potential in India. (Remarks by Franklin L. Lavin Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, American Chamber of Commerce, New Delhi) The trading companies are generally prone to four types of risk such as strategic risk, operational risks, internal financial risks and compliance risks. (Sadgrove, 83) The trading risks in Brazil are considered substantially greater in comparison to the developed nations. The political risks like dismissal or appointment of a key government minister can exert influence on the value of the share of the company to have fluctuations. The purchase of shares of Brazilian companies is subject to increasing risks of fluctuations in the exchange rates that may exert considerable losses. Exchange rates also have a tremendous impact on the profitability. Inflationary trends also influence much on the profitability by making the services of the company more expensive. (Sands, 27) For US Government, for over several years Brazil has been a bastion of anti communism while the other states of South America seem to be leaning towards communistic. Moreover, the US companies in Brazil never desire to take the risk by means of their operations being disrupted by that of the shipping turmoil. (Fitzgerald, 20) The US companies engaged in outsourcing of their software development to India are prone to be hurt by the industrial espionage and poor intellectual property safeguards. However, India is seen to have a far outstanding cultural and legal climate for IP protection than many other nations offering offshore coding. (Pedraja; Toman, 164) References Business Spotlight: Arrow South America. We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

International Business Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Business Master - Case Study Example Customers are not just people outside a corporation. It can be the people at the upper crust of an organization, or the employees. In fact, Mountain Equipment Co-op's customers are also the members (part-owners) of the co-op. Since the market for the co-op's products is unique, it needs to ensure quality, which increase value of the product for the customer. Therefore, the co-op uses extreme care to select its range of products to be manufactured. It wants the suppliers to provide products that are both functional and durable. Furthermore, the co-op offers a lifetime guarantee of its products to make the customers feel that the maintenance of the equipment is the duty of Mountain Equipment Co-op. This increases value for the customer because the customer no longer has to worry about the cost of repair of the equipment. Furthermore, the co-op also offers its members to trade their equipment online or through attending a seasonal trade session (n.d.). Moreover, the co-op values human r ights and business practices in the light of ethics. It continuously strives to protect human rights by inspecting factories where its products are manufactured. Inspection involves working conditions, worker benefits, and worker pay. Since the customers really value fair business, the co-op utilizes this opportunity to satisfy its members by giving a portion of their sales revenue to human rights groups. The co-op also uses an environmentally safe heating and air-conditioning system at its Ottawa outlet, indicating the co-op growing concerns about the environment. Moreover, the co-op continues to provide exceptional service to its customers through training. As mentioned before, this is a unique market and new outdoor freaks might not know how to use the equipment. This is an added value for the product because the customer knows that training would be provided to utilize the product to its fullest. The co-op is also using support activities to increase its member tally and revenue . For example, the co-op is constantly monitoring latest technology in the industry to develop the most advanced products, high quality products, and environmentally safe products. The most important value activity which the co-op uses is the power of its members to have a say in the co-op's operations and running. The co-op has 2.5 million members who are part-owners of the company, and have a say at the company's meeting. This activity attracts potential members and customers, and they can run the co-op according to what satisfies their needs. Q2: What is the co-op's generic strategy Describe it. Mountain Equipment Co-op generic strategy is the cost strategy. Mountain Equipment Co-op aims to achieve growth through a series of cost cutting measures and cost reductions. Firstly, Mountain Equipment Co-op has a loyal customer base, and they use this strong factor to bargain for reasonable prices from suppliers. Due to the high bargaining power of the co-op, suppliers have to give in. Furthermore, the mountain co-op has a small workforce. It strives to keep a small workforce through the concept of self-service at its outlets. This way, even the limited number of employees is happy because the co-op

What do banks really do Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

What do banks really do - Essay Example Commercial banks are financial institutions that provide loans, savings and deposits accounts as well as transactional services to entities and individual members of a country. On the other hand, Central Bank is a supreme monetary bank in any country, which regulates and controls economic as well as monetary affairs in a specific country. Central Banks regulates money supply via specific monetary and non-monetary policies to maintain stable and robust macroeconomic environment. This is in order to enhance sustained economic growth and development across different sectors in the economy. Central banks and commercial banks play distinct roles in the economy. In general, the central banks supervise all financial institutions including commercial banks and advices government on what policy action to pursue to maintain robust and stable macro economic environment. Commercial banks provide both monetary and non-monetary services to members of the public and different entities (companies, s ocieties and institutions). To understand the roles of banks in any given country, it is important to state and explain the different roles that different banks play. Therefore, this discussion is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the roles of central banks in any given economy and the second part describes the roles of commercial banks.... They are the only banks with legal mandate to create and issue currencies inform of notes and coins. Central banks are responsible for regulating quantity of all notes and coins issued. They also protect internal and external value of national currency (Backhaus, 2005). Before the central banks issue notes and coins, it must fulfill certain requirements to avoid inflation, currency devaluations and shortage of money in the economy among others. For example, it must keep reserves against all the coins and notes issued at any given time. As a sole issuer of legal tender, central banks easily control credit creation, maintain confidence of the people because it has government backing and recognition, and ensure that all currencies issued are uniform and acceptable. Secondly, central banks act as a bank, an agent and an advisor of banks as well as other financial institutions. Central banks act as lender of last resort. This happens when commercial banks fail to secure loans or advances from other financial institutions to run it banking operations. IMF (2008) asserts that central banks provide funding to financial institutions as lender of last resort to restore confidence in the banking system and avoid fire sales of banks assets by providing liquidity to financial institutions. Central banks also act as custodians and clearing agent for commercial banks. Central bank collects statistical information regularly on matters touching money, public debt, inflation, foreign exchange, trade policies, government securities as well as banking among other information. The information collected and analysed by central banks is disseminated to relevant financial institutions to assist them make informed choices on what strategies to

Cross Cultural Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cross Cultural Communications - Assignment Example Their interaction in different circumstances and situations is dramatic and displays poor cross cultural communication. The disparity in their personalities, prejudices and values makes the film interesting to watch as their lives crash into each other. Rick Cabot, played by Shaun Toub, plays as a Caucasian district attorney KRAUSZ, E. (2011). To achieve his political ambitions, Rick, pulls out his race card. To ensure he is elected he appeals to his fellow Caucasians to elect him. He also promises protection from the crime gangs organized by the other races. His wife who carries excessive prejudice toward other races obtains a justification for her prejudice. This happens after she and her husband are hijacked and robbed of their Lincoln Navigator. Later that night, white officers stop a similar Lincoln navigator as they search for the stolen one. The Lincoln navigator belongs to a black couple. One of the police officers Ryan decides to have some fun. He sexually harasses Christine the wife as he pretends to check her for a gun in her husbands’ presence. Jean the district attorneys wife blurts her prejudices only to be overheard by a Hispanic man who is changing the locks. She claims that it is useless to change the locks since the Hispanic man will later offer the keys to his fellow gang members (KRAUSZ, E, 2011). Arriving home the Hispanic has to comfort his daughter who hides under the bed after hearing gunshots outside. Daniel promises to give his daughter a cloak to make her invisible and impenetrable. Later Ryan comes across an accident and puts his life at risk to save Christine the woman he had molested earlier. On the other hand her husbands’ job is threatened as he attempts to defend a black actor at the studio he works. A white colleague claims that the actor is not acing black enough. On his way home, the two hijackers attempt to hijack him. Tired of all the harassment he resists